Phasic Kombatives Integrated
You are not logged in.
- Topics: Active | Unanswered
Announcement
Welcome to the PKI board, and remember this is all about PKI and the martial arts ONLY!
Pages: 1
#1 Kenpo » Indonesia Plans Increase in Palm Oil-based Biodiesel In 2025 » Today 04:03:52
- MelodyZ85
- Replies: 0
JAKARTA, July 24 (Reuters) - Indonesia, the world's biggest palm oil manufacturer, is testing fuel with a view to increasing to 40% from 35% the share of palm-oil mixed into biodiesel next year, the energy ministry said.
If implemented, the B40 required might increase biodiesel usage to approximately 16 million kilolitres (KL) next year, the ministry said, from 13 million KL approximated to be consumed in 2024.
"We hope the trials could be finished in December, so that complete application of B40 might be performed in 2025," energy ministry senior main Eniya Listiani Dewi said in a statement on Tuesday.
The Indonesian Biofuel Producers Association (APROBI) stated the market had the capacity to meet B40 demand, with set up capability expected to increase to 20 million KL yearly next year from 18 million KL now.
"However we will require more raw products to fulfill B40 need," Ernest Gunawan, the secretary general of APROBI informed Reuters on Wednesday.
The biodiesel market would need 13.9 million metric tons of unrefined palm oil to produce 16 million KL biodiesel next year, from the estimated 11 million tons required this year, he added.
Indonesia's most significant palm oil association GAPKI said a decline in exports suggested there would suffice raw materials to supply the B40 required for now.
But the market would need to assess "which one would be more valuable", GAPKI chairman Eddy Martono said, referring to the possibility an increase in exports would make providing the domestic market less feasible.
Indonesia's palm oil output is estimated to reach 54.4 million tons in 2024, a 2.26% increase from in 2015, while exports are expected to decrease by 2.47% to 29.5 million tons as domestic consumption increased, driven by biodiesel required.
The ministry had actually checked the biodiesel, blended with 40% of palm oil, on a train for the very first time previously this week, while planning to check the B40 mix on agriculture machinery, power plants and in the shipping market, it stated. (Reporting by Bernadette Christina and Dewi Kurniawati; Writing by Stanley Widianto; Editing by John Mair, Savio D'Souza and Barbara Lewis)
#2 Kenpo » Indonesia Signs 15.6 Mln Kilolitres Biodiesel Allocation For 2025 » Today 02:41:38
- MelodyZ85
- Replies: 0
Biodiesel allotment decree was waited for by market
Indonesia had prepared to introduce higher biodiesel mix on Jan. 1
Palm oil benchmark agreement rose 1% after previous fall
Government intends for 50% biodiesel mix in 2026
(Recasts with energy minister's remark)
By Bernadette Christina and Fransiska Nangoy
JAKARTA, Jan 3 (Reuters) - Indonesia Energy and Mineral Resources Minister signed a decree on Friday assigning 15.6 million kilolitres (KL) of biodiesel for 2025 distribution, while providing the market up until the end of next month to adjust to the higher level of the fuel in the mix.
Indonesia, the world's largest exporter of palm oil, had planned to introduce the obligatory requirement of 40% palm oil fuel in biodiesel on Jan. 1, up from 35% now.
"The ministerial policy has actually been signed," the minister Bahlil Lahadalia told reporters, adding the federal government was working to increase the compulsory biodiesel mix to 50% next year.
Eniya Listiani Dewi, a ministry senior authorities, stated biodiesel producers and fuel merchants will be offered up until Feb. 28 to adjust to the B40 mix. She said the hold-up was since of technical obstacles connected to aids for the fuel.
The non-implementation on Jan. 1. had caused a 2.6% drop in the Malaysian palm oil standard contract on Thursday. On Friday, it recovered by around 1%.
Fuel merchants and biodiesel manufacturers had actually stated they were unable to draw up contracts for biodiesel circulation without the decree.
The biodiesel allowance for 2025 suggested a boost from 2024's approximated biodiesel intake of 12.98 KL, ministry data showed on Friday.
Of the total allowance for this year, 7.55 million KL is for the public service commitment (PSO), which covers sectors such as public transport, whose sales will be subsidised by the country's palm oil fund.
"The remaining allocations will be cost market value. The non-PSO allocation is set at 8.07 million KL," Bahlil said, including the fund could not subsidise the rate space in between the palm oil and nonrenewable fuel sources for the overall allowance.
BPDPKS, the company in charge of collecting and managing the palm oil funds, estimated in November B40 would need a 68% aid increase.
To help finance that, Indonesia prepares to increase its export levy for crude palm oil (CPO) to 10% from the present 7.5%, however for that to take place, another main regulation is needed. (Reporting by Bernadette Christina Munthe, Fransiska Nangoy, Dewi Kurniawati; modifying by John Mair, Savio D'Souza, Shri Navaratnam and Barbara Lewis)
#3 Kenpo » Biofuel as a Renewable Energy Source » Yesterday 17:28:39
- MelodyZ85
- Replies: 0
Biofuel is not one of the well recognized types of eco-friendly energy but an essential one to comprehend. The procedure begins when plants grow through photosynthesis. There is chemical energy stored within it that can be launched. What they develop is a kind of biomass which can be become fuel.
It can then be burned in flammable engines. There is still lots of research study that requires to be done in the area of biofuel. The procedure today of transforming it is not as efficient as it should be. It is likewise very time consuming and pricey to do so.
Biofuel can be in the form of a liquid or a strong. Vegetable oil that is used as an alternative fuel source for some cars, is a kind of liquid biofuel. It can be natural or it can be reprocessed after it has been used. Some restaurants provide their used grease to those that burn Biodiesel in their vehicles. Once it has been cleaned they have the ability to use it without harming their vehicle.
Some kinds of food items are grown in higher supply than the demand simply so that ethanol can be produced. It is typically combined with about 15 percent regular gasoline in order to make the mix work. It seems that many in the organization of growing such food products though do not constantly agree with this usage of it. They feel the foods must be used to feed those in requirement.
Biofuel is most frequently found in the type of a solid though. For instance burning wood falls under this category. You can use it to prepare with and to heat your home instead of relying upon natural gas. The downside though is that this can release hazardous aspects into the environment.
There is ongoing screening where the variables are being managed today in the location of biofuel. It is believed this kind of renewable resource could one day be a breakthrough in the location of supplying fuel for our cars. Try to find great things to be showing up in this area in the future.
If we can figure out an economical process for using biofuel we can create over half of what is depleted every year from our natural resources. This is what realities continue to encourage researchers to move on and funders to continue with grant cash to permit it to happen.
The one problem that appears to be an issue is that in order to produce more biofuel to utilize, there is a lot of land that has to be accessed. That might mean land usually used for growing food and other resources is no longer offered. A close eye will require to be kept in that particular area.
As some of this issue has actually come to light, other kinds of biofuel to be able to utilize are being presented. Since these natural products are able to release heat that can be transferred to sustain. Even trash can be used to create biofuel. This means less of it will be around to stay in land fills.
Among the most effective biofuel companies out there remains in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. It is called BFC Gas and Electric. They are able to recycle around 150 lots of materials every day at their center. They process wood remains from projects and from sawmills in the area.
There is likewise paper that is utilized rather of being lost when it was utilized for tasks and scraps remain. Sometimes there are kinds of paper and cardboard that can not be successfully recycled so it is processed here.
Crops that have actually been ruined, infected plants and trees, and the corn stalks that stay after harvest all work as well. More than 40,000 homes in the Cedar Rapids location are provided with electrical power from this particular company. They are really working hard to put the use of biofuel to work for the advantage for their neighborhood.
In some other locations making use of altering cow manure into biofuel is being done. This is something that not everybody likes but it can be a viable way to get more advantages out of such waste. There are still lots of information of this type of biofuel to be worked out though.
#4 Kenpo » Make your own Biodiesel Part 1 » Yesterday 05:01:31
- MelodyZ85
- Replies: 0
There are at least three methods to run a diesel motor on biofuel utilizing vegetable oils, animal fats or both. All three are used with both fresh and pre-owned oils.
1. Use the oil just as it is-- usually called SVO fuel (straight veggie oil);
2. Mix it with kerosene (paraffin) or petroleum diesel fuel, or with biodiesel, or blend it with a solvent, or with fuel;
3. Convert it to biodiesel.
The first 2 approaches sound easiest, but, as so typically in life, it's not quite that easy.
1. Mixing it
Vegetable oil is a lot more thick (thicker) than either petro-diesel or biodiesel. The function of mixing it or blending it with other fuels is to reduce the viscosity to make it thinner so that it flows more easily through the fuel system into the combustion chamber.
If you're blending veg-oil with petroleum diesel or kerosene (like # 1 diesel) you're still using fossilfuel-- cleaner than the majority of, however still not clean enough, many would say. Still, for each gallon of
veggie oil you use, that's one gallon of fossil-fuel saved, and that much less climate-changing carbon in the environment.
People use different blends, varying from 10% vegetable oil and 90% petro-diesel to 90% vegetable oil and 10% petro-diesel. Some individuals just use it that way, start up and go, without pre-heating it (which makes veg-oil much thinner), or perhaps use pure vegetable oil without pre-heating it, which would make it much thinner.
You may get away with it with an older Mercedes 5-cylinder IDI diesel, which is a very hard and tolerant motor-- it won't like it however you probably will not eliminate it. Otherwise, it's not sensible.
To do it properly you'll require what totals up to an SVO system with fuel pre-heating anyway, ideally using pure petro-diesel or biodiesel for starts and stops. (See next.) In which case there's no requirement for the blends.
Blends with numerous solvents and/or with unleaded fuel are "speculative at best", little or absolutely nothing is understood about their effects on the combustion qualities of the fuel or their long-term effects on the engine.
Higher viscosity is not the only issue with using vegetable oil as fuel. Veg-oil has various chemical homes and combustion characteristics from the petroleum diesel fuel for which diesel engines and their fuel systems are created.
Diesel engines are high-tech machines with really precise fuel requirements, particularly the more modern, cleaner-burning diesels (see The TDI-SVO debate).
They're difficult but they'll just take so much abuse. There's no warranty of it, however using a mix of as much as 20% veg-oil of great quality is said to be safe enough for older diesels, especially in summer season.
Otherwise using veg-oil fuel needs either an expert SVO option or biodiesel. Mixes and blends are normally a poor compromise. But blends do have a benefit in cold weather.
Just like biodiesel, some kerosene or winterised petro-diesel fuel blended with straight vegetable oil reduces the temperature level at which it begins to gel. (See Using biodiesel in winter season) More about fuel mixing and blends.
Pages: 1